Further and Higher Education
Right, let's keep this short.
- The government says "More people should get post-18 education";
excellent idea! Knowledge is power!
- The government says "More people should go to university"; wrong!
Universities teach academic knowledge; 'academic' is a synonym
for 'pointless'!
- In fact, as it is, far too many people to go to university; these
are the people who come up, spend three or four years studying some
complicated academic subject, and then bugger off to become
accountants/merchant bankers/management consultants and the like. This
is wholly pointless! People should only go to university to study
academic subjects if they're seriously planning a career which entails
academic knowledge; things like medicine (although the current
professional and educational structure of medicine is entirely wrong -
but that's another opinion), law, engineering, architecture, science,
etc. Thus, the number of university students should be radically but
back; we can probably get away with ~10 real universities in the
UK.
- So, decimate the universities, and give everyone else an education
that will actually help them. What i'm talking about is
vocational education. The problem with this is that
'vocational' is a bit of a dirty word - it suggests plumbing and
suchlike. 'Professional' education sounds better, but is a bit
nonsensical of we consider law and medicine, the archetypal
'professions', to be academic rather than professional. 'Applied' sounds
good to me, especially as it emphasises that the alternative (academic
learning) is pointless; maybe not everyone will like the term,
though.
- Applied education, then, should be delivered, as it is now, through
further education colleges. To keep things simple, i am going to ban the
term 'sixth-form college', 'college' unambiguously means a
university-level centre for applied learning (except at Oxford or one of
its imitators, of course).
- Colleges have a bad reputation. This needs to be sorted out. Not
sure how. An influx of bright middle-class people and attendant funding
should help, though.
- For some reason, i envisage less student mobility in the college
sector; i imagine people going to their local college, rather than
moving halfway across the country. That's probably not realistic; there
will be the same competition for places and bright students as with
universities.
- So what's the point of separating universities and colleges?
Basically, because colleges don't need to support research activity, and
so can be run much, much more efficiently (ie cheaply). Also, it will
help counteract the drift towards academicising everything, which leads
to mickey-mouse degrees like media studies; if someone wants to learn
how to be a journalist, let them bloody study journalism - more
typesetting, less postmodernism, please!
- We also need to recognise that universities and colleges can only
impart book-learning, which is fundamentally useless anyway.
Book-learning should be seen purely as a preparation for real
education, which can only be obtained by actually
practicing the desired skill, under the supervision of an
experienced and expert mentor. This would be a revolution in
education, but it would really be a rediscovery of the ancient form of
apprenticeship. Apprenticeship used to be required for all
skilled jobs; somehow, we've got to a position where we think people can
just work out what they're doing. Madness! Note that apprenticeship is
already in place in pure academia in the form of the doctorate - you
spend three years playing at being a real academic, whilst a supervisor
mentors you (well, in theory), then you write a thesis and are examined
face-to-face, and are certified. So, lots more apprenticeships;
every job should have a well-defined apprenticeship phase, with
a curriculum and a method for judging completion. This should probably
be administered by a professional organisation (certainly not
the government). Possibly, there should be a standard nomenclature for
the qualification obtained through an apprenticeship; in science, it's a
doctorate; i think the medieval guilds referred to people who had passed
an apprenticeship as a 'master'; the term 'chartered X' is popular now,
but possible denotes a more senior level. I like the idea of having
master journalists and master accountants about the place, myself; it
has a good, solid feel to it.
- Now, funding. This is very simple. We will consider the areas of
fees (ie money paid to the educating institution) and living expenses
separately.
- Fees cannot be paid up-front or during the course; young people
don't have the money to pay it, and asking parents to pay is a gross
violation of the autonomy of the young adults concerned. The solution is
simply to impose a graduate tax; part of the deal of being educated
somewhere would be the obligation to pay some modest tax to that
institution in perpetuity. Note that gradual repayment of a loan, as is
currently being suggested, is the wrong thing to do: it means people who
earn less, and so pay it off more slowly, will end up paying more, which
is entirely the wrong way round. Rather, it should be a genuine tax; it
could be a flat rate on earnings above some threshold, or something more
complicated; the best option might be to tie it to income tax (eg the
education tax bill would be 5 or 10% of your income tax bill). The rate
might be fixed across all institutions, or institutions might be able to
set their own rates (making the choice between them even more
complicated - Oxford at 5%, or Bristol at 2%?). The rate would probably
have to be fixed at matriculation, though, to stop insititutions
screwing up and then fucking over their alumni.
- Living expenses are wholly the responsibility of the student.
However, the gobernment should make loans available. The current
interest-at-RPI loans are unsustainable, and their expense to the
government limits their size, so they are no good. Rather, the
government should make very large loans available at the government
borrowing rate (the rate at which the government borrows money itself);
this would have zero effective cost to the government, and would be much
cheaper than commercial credit for the students. Note that the lending
is perfectly secure, as the government can still recover the debt
through tax, as is done now. Yes, this is unfair to people who earn
less, as i noted above, but there is no way round this without giving up
the principle of personal debt in this area; this principle is
important, as students have a good deal of choice in how much money they
spend and thus borrow, so they must bear the corresponding
responsibility for paying it back. Now, a simple loan system would be
grossly unfair to poorer students; richer students will probably get
money from parents (unless we ban this, which is difficult, but see
below). Consequently, the government must provide
scholarships/bursaries/grants whatever to poorer students, to encourage
them to study. Since these would be focused at the very poorest, they
could be quite generous.
- Now, if we do want to allow some form of parental contributions,
what we might do is ban direct support to students, but allow and
encourage support to the whole student body of an institution (or some
large fraction of it, such as a particular college, hall of residence,
etc). Parents could donate money in a tax-efficient way which could then
be used by the students collectively, through a union or some such, to
provide communal resources (bar, food, TV room, etc) or to give cash
support to individuals. The presence of this intermediate layer smooths
out the inequality between parents, so poorer students receive as much
of the benefit as better-off students, whilst still letting parents feel
like they're helping their child. Of course, this plan only works if
the majority of parents do give support, as otherwise parents will
resent giving money when nobody else is. The only way to ensure this
would be to establish a tradition of such giving, and establishing
traditions is a rather tricky business.
- If my plan were implemented, we would have a cheaper education
system which delivered better results, people would be happier, and the
nation would be more productive. Also, pigs would fly.
It has come to my attention that some humans have read this document.
They made a number of remarks, some of which i will reproduce and
respond to here (names have been omitted to protect the guilty).
- "Dear god, putting living expenses money in the hands of student
unions? We'd all be utterly screwed.". Certainly, if significant amounts
of money were put in the hands of existing student untions, most would
grossly misuse it. However, the current state of many student unions is,
i think, due in a large part to the lack of engagement in the democratic
process by the majority of students; basically, since the SU is more or
less irrelevant, people ignore it, leaving it a playground for cranks
and hacks. If the union had a couple of grand per head per year to spend
on whatever it liked, i suspect we'd see a lot more interest in what it
was up to, and so more democratic oversight, and hence more sensible
policies.
- "'We also need to recognise that universities and colleges can only
impart book-learning' - well, they *mostly* do, but "can only"? What
about all the practical stuff?". My position on book-learning is based
on the education i received at university (a biochemistry degree), which
in no way prepared me to actually do anything at all, and the education
i saw my friends receiving (mostly sciences, plus a few humanities
subjects), which were similarly useless. I may well be mistaken in
generalising this to all courses. Indeed, someone who'd studied
engineering recently argued very forcefully that his degree had given
him skills he could immediately apply in industry, and that this was
normal for an engineering degree. I'm not entirely convinced by this,
but if it's true, it's excellent, and i encourage more people to do
engineering. I suppose what this means is that engineering is like one
of the practical subjects i favour. The first human continued,
"Practising the desired skill does actually happen at universities, just
in an environment where if you mess up, you don't lose some company lots
of money."; okay, for some subjects, yes: my initial assertion was too
strong. However, it remains true that most subjects don't even attempt
to teach anything useful - but that's about the subject, not the
context. I'm still not completely convinced about this, though.
- Many humans seemed to be in favour of the idea of 'a better educated
society', where there was generally more education floating about. I
think this is pinko commie liberal hand-wringing nonsense. There's
nothing magic about education - spending three years watching Richard
and Judy and occasionally reading a Jane Austen novel does not make you
a better person, does not enrich society, does not advance your life and
is not anything we should support as a matter of principle. You want an
education that will enrich you and society? Get a job, and learn to do
it well.
- It was suggested that some of these ideas are present in the Swiss
and/or German systems, but details have yet to be furnished. I await
further information with interest. I do share an office with two Swiss
people, so it's possible i've picked up some ideas by osmosis.
- It was pointed out that one of the things universities supply is a
social network - graduates know people who might be able to help them
out later on. This is true. It was also suggested that colleges would
not be able to supply these. I don't think this is true. Why would
colleges be any different to universities?
- It was pointed out that a university degree confers social status,
and that this is one of the reasons people go to unversity. This is
true. This is perhaps the main point of my rant; so many degrees confer
social status and nothing else. Surely we'd be better off
teaching people useful skills? I see no reason why colleges wouldn't
generate equally useful networks. Remember, i'm advocating a system
where colleges are as high-status as universities, if not more so; i see
no reason why there wouldn't be college equivalents of Oxbridge -
something like the Grandes Ecoles in France. Whether that's something we
want is another question, though ...
- There was more, but i have a short attention span. That's all for
now.
It was also suggested that i get a blog. This is idiocy of such high
order that i will draw a veil over it.